Biomechanical Analysis of Angular Velocity and Release Parameters in Javelin Throw Performance

الملخص

Optimizing kinematic parameters during the terminal delivery phase is paramount to maximizing throwing distance in track and field throwing events. This study evaluated the relationship between trunk angular velocity, elbow extension speed, and javelin release parameters among competitive collegiate throwers. Twelve elite male javelin throwers (mean age: 21.4 ± 1.8 years, body mass: 84.6 ± 6.2 kg, height: 186.2 ± 4.5 cm) performed six maximal-effort throws under competition-standard conditions. Three-dimensional kinematic data were captured utilizing a synchronized four-camera high-speed motion capture system operating at 240 Hz. Release speed, release angle, attack angle, and joint angular velocities were computed and analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between peak forward trunk angular velocity and resultant release speed (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). Furthermore, elbow extension angular velocity demonstrated a substantial contribution to final launch momentum (r = 0.74, p < 0.05). Release angle exhibited an optimal performance window between 33° and 37°, with deviations exceeding 40° showing adverse aerodynamic drag penalties. These findings underline the critical importance of rotational torso acceleration and timed elbow extension mechanics over raw muscular force during delivery.